Reducing the Energy Costs in Hotels An Attempt to Take Care of the Environment

Introduction and Description Conducting an efficient energy costs policy and maintaining careful balance between the sufficient services for the customers and the reasonable use of the electricity sources is one of the strongholds of the efficient hotel businesses, which is a commonly known fact. With the help of the reasonable use of electricity and the avoidance of wasting the natural resources, any hotel is bound to thrive and at the same time adhere to the environmentally friendly style of regulating business affairs, as Chon Maier (2009, p. 136) say.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Reducing the Energy Costs in Hotels: An Attempt to Take Care of the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unfortunately, in the sphere of the modern hotel business, the inexcusable waste of electricity can be observed. As Reinders (2011) reports, the waste of the environmental resources is on the agenda of the modern hote l industry: According to a recent EnergyStar report, hotels in the U.S. spend close to $4 billion on energy each year. Given that energy costs will only continue to increase, reducing energy expenditures has become a viable way to reduce overall expenses. (Reinders, 2011). Hence, there can be no possible doubt that something is to be done to solve the given complexity. According to the results of the event, certain measures are to and can be undertaken. Since the given issue is a peculiar study of hotel management and can be considered a perfect example of the way the environmental issues interfere the field of business, I picked the concern for the environment in the sphere of hotel industry. Critical Analysis of the Events According to the results of the event, two possible ways of solving the rising problem have been offered. As Reinders explained, these are â€Å"1) engaging in demand response measures to reduce the cost of electricity; 2) increasing energy efficiency to reduce energy usage† (Reinders 2011). On the one hand, the given methods seem rather efficient and might prove working. On the other hand, the given means can also have deplorable results on the hotel business and on the customers’ interest in the companies’ offers, not to mention the state of the natural energy. Thus, according to what National Grid (2004) says, such measures as limiting the temperature of laundry hot water to 120 ° Fahrenheit and covering hot tubs and pools after hours (p. 1) might have their effect on the state of the hotels’ affairs, yet saving on the services is not the way out; it is obvious that hotel managers need certain strategy for the hotels not to waste the natural energy.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some sources, however, claim that the energy overuse should be tackled in a different way, since the interests of hotel s are to be taken into account as well: drawing a careful plan of the alleged usage of energy and the check of the corresponding organization is a must, according to Flex Your Power (2006). As the research asserts, the given measure will serve perfectly well both for hotels and for the environment. In addition, according to certain sources, other solutions for the given situations have been made successfully. As Energy Star (2007) claims, with the help of installation of fluorescent light bulbs, hotel Marriott â€Å"was able to save almost $6 million and reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 70,000 tons† (p. 1), which is rather impressive and surprisingly less demanding than reducing the quality of the facilities, as Reinders (2011) suggests. Therefore, it cannot be doubted that the means to solve the given problem stretch far beyond the boundaries set by the decision of Reinders (2011). Hence, the hospitality industry is not supposed to suffer considerable losses which the transfer to the energy-saving strategy is bound to trigger, and can develop a specific tactics that will even contribute to the development of the hotel industry, at the same time improving the existing environmental state. However, if picking the solution offered so far, the industry is most likely to experience a rapid downfall. Therefore, the solution offered by Reinders is to be reconsidered. The Event Results Analysis: The Common Denominator According to the results of the event, the final decision described above, which approved of reducing the usage of electricity and suggested that the energy-saving program should be established has been approved. As the members of the event admitted, the given decision is likely to change the hospitality industry structure considerably without taking enormous amount of funds and at the same time sparing the environment and offering certain protection from the harmful effect of human activity. As Reinders commented, Both â€Å"using lessâ⠂¬  and â€Å"paying less† have positive financial and environmental effects. Demand response programs allow participants to reap the benefits of decreased energy costs while also eliminating the need for the construction of new power plants, while increased energy efficiency reduces a property’s carbon footprint–and utility bill. (Reinders 2011) Nevertheless, the given solution does not seem adequate enough. Even though the efforts that are supposed to be undertaken will have their effect on the safety of the environment, the functioning of the hotels is bound to digress, which will lead to the crisis in the hospitality industry.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Reducing the Energy Costs in Hotels: An Attempt to Take Care of the Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the results provided by STR (2008), the ratio to sales of the hotel rooms reduced in 2006-2008 from 32,40 % to 23,30%, the energy waste making between 3% and 6% of total running cost (Hose, n.d.), which is a direct proof of the fact that the offered system proves not as efficient as it should have been. As Bardi (2010) explains, a number of factors apart from the revenues of the company are to be taken into account before resorting to the change in the company policy, which the Hubbart formula predetermines: â€Å"The Hubbart formula considers such factors as operating expenses, desired return on investment, and income from various departments in the hotel to establish room rates† (209). Hence, it must be acknowledged that the versatility of the factors that have their impact in the given situation hinders the solution of the complexities. Relating the given situation to the WHO event (WHO, 2011), one should mark that the organization approves of the measures that are aimed at preserving the environment and preventing natural sources form exhausting, which is why the course of ac tions undertaken by Reinders does not seem adequate. The Challenges, the Limitations ad the Solutions for the Problems Because of the variety of factors that the given problem is dependent on, there can be several solutions for the situation, namely, the one that concerns the safety of the environment and the well-being of the hotel owners, as well as the hospitality industry in general. Hence, the problem can be considered from several viewpoints, as it has been depicted above, yet obviously has several limitations that do not allow to undertake the full course of actions to eliminate the conflicting issues. As Gà ¶ssling (2011) explains, the solutions for the problem of energy wasting can be solved with the suggested means of high technology developments easily only in the countries where science is progressing, whereas in developing countries the implementation of these ideas seems problematic: For example, Deng and Burnett (2000) found that electricity accounted fro 73 per cent of the overall energy use in hotels in Hong Kong. Similar values were found in New Zealand, where the main energy source for accommodation establishments is electricity (75 per cent of total energy use), while coal is 12 per cent. (p. 76) Hence, it cannot be denied that the development limitations prevent the energy-saving operations. Therefore, specific measures must be offered for the developing countries.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, as Howlett (2009) claims, the electricity consumption formula, TE = FE + VE*X (TE = total electricity, FE = fixed electricity, VE = variable electricity, X = total number of rooms) (344) still restricts the possibilities that energy-saving methods open. Nevertheless, the opportunities mentioned above are rather impressive, starting from solar power to the so-called spin systems (Flex Your Power, 2006). Conclusion In conclusion, one must mark that the problem currently faced by the hostility business is quite essential and hard to solve. However, taking the efficient approach and following the recommendations of the scientists, the owners of the hotel facilities are likely to keep their revenues high and at the same time contribute to the salvation of the environment. Thus, to solve the given issue, the decisive measures are to be undertaken, which will lead to the safety of the environment and the success of the hostility business. Speaking of the way the given issue affect s my own future in the industry, I would like to note that the given issue is interesting for me, since the change of the source of power supply, which the given issue presupposes, is bound to reinvent people’s perception of what the world of technology is. Moreover, there is no doubt that with the help of the alternative power source, the costs for supplies are going to change, which means that management is going to take quite a different shape. References Bardi, J. A., 2010. Hotel front office management. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Chon, K.-S., Maier, T. A., 2009. Welcome to hospitality: an introduction. Stanford, CN: Cengage Learning. Cutting costs with energy efficiency and conservation: A Guide for hotels, 2006.  Flex Your Power. Web. Energy Star, 2007. Hotels: An overview of energy use and energy efficiency opportunities. Energy Star. Web. Gà ¶ssling, S., 2011. Carbon management in tourism: mitigating the impacts on  climate change. New York, NY: Taylor Fra ncis. Hose. Notes about energy consumption in hotels. INESCC. Web. Howlett, R. J., 2009. Sustainability in energy and buildings: proceedings of the  International Conference on Sustainability in Energy and Buildings (SEB’09). Berlin, DE: Spinger. National Grid, 2004. Managing energy costs in full-service hotels. Customer Direct.  Web. Reinders, G., 2011. Two effective strategies to reduce hotel energy costs. Lodging  Hospitality. Web. STR, 2008. Hotel operating statistics study. Valuation Resources.  Web. This report on Reducing the Energy Costs in Hotels: An Attempt to Take Care of the Environment was written and submitted by user Lina L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Reforms of Diocletian †History Essay

The Reforms of Diocletian – History Essay Free Online Research Papers The Reforms of Diocletian History Essay In 284 A.D. after nearly two-hundred years after Augustus had almost completely rebuilt the Roman State, Diocletian was face with that same task. Diocletian was face with a much more difficult task than Augustus. The decline of the empire was much worse, and therefore his reforms were more dramatic. Diocletian replaced Augustus’ constitutional monarchy with what was basically a totalitarian dictatorship. â€Å"The essence of Diocletian’s cure for the chronic ills of the third-century Roman world can be simply put, more government.† Diocletian started his governmental reforms by forming what would be deemed as the Tetrarchy. Diocletian recognized that the problems of the Roman Empire were much too great for only one man to deal with. He divided the empire into four parts, each portion of the empire would be under the power of a different emperor. In addition to dividing the empire itself, he also subdivided each of the four separate parts, putting more administrative officers in power in each province. By the time Diocletian had finished there were about 30,000 paid civil servants in the Roman Empire accounting for a population of approximately 50 million. Therefore for about every 1,700 Roman citizens there was one civil servant, still a very low number. Unfortunately all these new civil servants had to be paid and the citizens were burdened with new and higher taxes. The people aren’t generally happy with tax hikes, but during this time there was an economic depression. Inflation had become a huge problem and Diocletian’s Edict of Prices did not help the issue. His Edict attempted to combat inflation by issuing more currency and setting a maximum price for over a thousand goods that were the most highly coveted goods in the empire; including food, jewelry, clothing and furniture. Diocletian had a very difficult task in reconstructing the Roman Empire. Some of his reforms were successful such as his formation of the Tetrarchy, establishing a more bureaucratic system, but other reforms like the Edict of Prices were very unsuccessful. Many people suffered economically because of this Edict. Research Papers on The Reforms of Diocletian - History EssayBringing Democracy to AfricaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and CanadaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Inclusive Education and SEN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Inclusive Education and SEN - Essay Example In this essay, l will demonstrate an understanding, of implications of including, children with additional needs in the mainstream school setting. I will consider the different models of disability. I will also demonstrate my ability to collect evidence about a child’s needs from a variety of sources and use the evidence to inform practice. Show my understanding of individual educational Plan (I.E.P), and how it can be developed to support inclusion. I will then evaluate the use of appropriate resources and strategies to support the child. Implications of including children with additional needs in a mainstream setting: The concept of inclusive education is as a result of parents and disabled people putting pressure on successive governments to change the education system, so as to allow all children to have a fair and equal access to education (Tassoni 2003, p.11). Including children with, special needs within the mainstream school has got its own implications. One of these implications will be ensuring, whether the layout and resources are appropriate, and inclusive. The environment plays a key role in supporting and extending children’s development and learning (Early year’s foundation Stage (E.Y.F.S, 2008). For example, having a child, who uses a wheelchair, will not be able to move in and out of the building independently without ramps. Although the issue of inclusive education is a highly debated issue, it has garnered unanimous support internationally, which is apparent from the fact that governments worldwide, have introduced policy initiatives whereby the cause of including st udents with special needs in regular schools has been supported, and treated as a human rights issue (OECD Publishing, 19992). This entails that schools today, are required to have trained staff who is specialized in supporting students with SEN (Special Education Needs) for instance, those diagnosed with autism. This is because, the educational needs of an autistic child is starkly different than those of a regular child, and hence special courses are required to be designed, developed and implemented to meet the special needs of such children. The SEN code of practice makes it the responsibilities of schools and early years setting to be able to identify children’s difficulties in terms of ‘graduate approach’, to the identification, assessment and recording of any difficulties these children may face (Linda, Carrie and Jane, 2005.p.132). The teachers, needs to adapt a positive attitude towards children with special needs, and ensure that there is no barrier of access. They need to ensure that, they are taking into account, views of the child, parents, colleagues and other professionals into consideration to meet the child’s needs, and adapt change to the environment accordingly. The attitudes of all adults who work in the schools, need to be such that, they are working to encourage the participation of all children in both academic and social life of the school (Halliwell 2003, p.20). Within my setting layout of equipment, is at every child’s level, this means, they can choose toys independently to play with, without any hindrance. And will playa vital role towards achieving independence. The school will need to make sure that; there are appropriate policies and procedures in place in conjunction with the ‘code of practice’. These policies will be ensuring that, children with special needs are given, full access to education, as any ordinary child. The

Mid term exam essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mid term exam - Essay Example I have never had the opportunity, or the confidence, to try my hand at creative writing. In fact, the idea of becoming a writer never crossed my mind. I held the view that ‘Writing is very difficult’ and is suitable only for very gifted, clever persons. I started learning English only in the seventh grade. Unfortunately, English remained a difficult foreign language to be studied at school, and I did not do any reading outside of my classes. I completed High School in Saudi Arabia without doing any additional reading in English. On my arrival in the United States as a baccalaureate student, I was fully occupied with making adjustments to a strange country and culture. As I started my study of Respiratory Therapy at the University of Indianapolis, I was completely focused on meeting my academic requirements and did not do any reading. It is my good fortune that English 102 is a part of my course. English 102 has rekindled my interest in reading. I am totally surprised at the variety of books available in English. There is something to suit the taste of every individual. I realize that, to this point of my life, I have made the mistake of ignoring any reading or writing which did not fall into my academic syllabus. I have been introduced to poems and stories which have opened a new world for me. I consider it a success that I am beginning to understand and deeply enjoy reading stories and poems in English. The delight I get is definitely worth the effort. I am also slowly beginning to think that I can also try to write! Of course, I realize that this is going to be a very slow process, as I have a long way to go in mastering the English language. But I am developing the confidence that I can read and write good English. The piece of short fiction which has kindled a genuine delight in English literature in me is Ernest Hemingway’s story, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants.† I am

Comparison of the retail for Soda for Kroger and Circle K Essay

Comparison of the retail for Soda for Kroger and Circle K - Essay Example In comparison and contrast to Kroger, Circle K utilizes a much more aggressive level of advertising with respect to their own line of soft drinks. Publicity, direct marketing, sales and promotion, advertising, and interactive marketing all play a prominent role with respect to the degree and extent to which Circle K products are represented to the individual consumer within society. Interestingly, with respect to store design and display, Circle K helps to differentiate and separate the product that they are promoting as compared to Kroger. As such, rather than displaying Circle K’s line of soda directly alongside its competitors, it is represented within an entirely different section of the store; lending it to be understood/interpreted by the consumer as not only a replacement product but somehow incomparable. Once again, the retailer’s competitive advantage is with regards to low-cost. However, in addition to this low cost competitive advantage, Circle K is also able to offer the consumer with the tangential benefit of a great many different choices as compared to the

US Negotiations with Iran

US Negotiations with Iran The United States should negotiate with Iran The subject of US involvement in Iranian affairs is something which has been in existence for quite a while now. The intriguing thing is that in as much as this is a topic I discussed so much, very little is known about the very facts that come into perspective when looking at this issue (Parsi, 25). In as much as the United States is one of the most powerful and influential nations in the world, there are some aspects that are associated with Iran which cannot just be overlooked. The following are some of the issues which are pointed out by the US Department of State: The Iranian Nuclear Challenge The nuclear activities which are associated with Iran are some of the things which have become significant concerns which the world is having to face in the modern age. At the moment, the country is capable of producing nuclear weapons. This is something very dangerous considering over the past the nation has been having very rogue leaders. Some of the activities associated with these leaders can lead to the emergence of an arms race in a region which is already lit up with violence. At the same time, there is unrivalled hatred between Iran and Israel, one of the United States’ greatest allies. Having the leaders of such nation have such weapons at their disposal could spell doom in the region (Bahgat, 150). Time and time again it has always been the policy of the United States to ensure that Iran does not come to be in possession of nuclear weapons. In this same regard, the United States is willing to do anything within its power for the purpose of ensuring that indeed Iran does not own nuclear weapons. There are several reason why this is the case. However, the one which stands out significantly is the fact that Iran tends to keep its nuclear activities so secret (Parsi, 67). The country has become so secretive to the extent that it has even concealed these happenings from the International Atomic Energy Agency. The ultimatums which have been given to Iran by the US seem not to be having any impact on the position which the country takes with regard to its nuclear activities. The main idea in this case was to compel Iran to own up to its nuclear responsibilities and become a full member of countries associated with nuclear activities or risk being further isolated or having sanctions imposed against it. It has become rather clear that the country has opted for isolation. Supporting Terrorism-related activities Away from the nuclear activities in Iraq, it has also become rather clear that Iran is in support of Bashad Asad of Syria. In this same regard it should be understood that it is Asad who has been responsible for some of the destabilizing activities which have been witnessed in the Middle East. Some of these activities have led to widespread suffering of many innocent civilians in the world. These Iranian terrorism-related activities are not only seen with the Iranian government. There are some other instances where the citizens of the country come into view. For example, in the year 2012, there are Kenyan authorities who arrested Iranian nationals who had explosives and they were targeting the Western and Israeli spots. In this same regard, the Iranian government continues to fund terrorist groups both in and around Iran. Outreach to the Iranian People It is without a doubt that the Iranian people are indeed suffering. This is majorly because of the regime which is in their country. In this same regard, there are various ways which the United States seeks to communicate to the Iranian citizens in a bid to keep them informed and empowered. These are through online platforms and even social media. There is one outstanding feedback which comes out from these interactions. The people of the country are going through significant detriment as a result of misplaced priorities by the government, corruption and mismanagement. The leadership of the country has opted to spend huge sums of money in arming its terrorist and military proxies all over the world at the expense of local development in the country (Bahgat, 145). It is of importance to let these citizens know of the many opportuinities which they have outside their entrapments. At the same time, they should be made aware of the significant potential which they have. There are very many examples of Iranian Americans who have made very significant developments in the country. Need for Negotiation From the discussions, it can be seen that Iran is indeed a nation that has a lot of potential which when not well handled, there may be a lot of repercussions not only on the United States but all over the world. Some of the influence which this country has is already being felt in the country itself and also in regions where affiliates of Iran operate, more specifically ISIS. Most of the dealings with the country has been to do with the rule of thumb. So far, these have proved not to work as the country has proved not to be shaken. It would be advisable to try and look at aspects to do with negotiation. This is an option which has not been tried and it is actually unknown whether the results may be any different if indeed this option gets to be considered (Parsi, 23). One of the probable reasons why the Iranian authorities have become so defiant is because they have been isolated by a significant section of the world. For this reason, they may be of the opinion that proving defiant may be a way of showing these other nations that indeed the Iranians can take care of themselves. However, this action is something that may boost the egos of the leaders but will have severe repercussions for the people of the country. It is also on such grounds that indeed there is need for negotiations. The reason for this is because the hardliner stand which the United States may be taking may be for the purpose of punishing the leaders or sending some kind of message but ultimately the people who end up suffering are the citizens of the country. The United Nations has for a long time been a nation that influences almost all the activities that go on in the world. It will indeed be in order if the country can also be on the forefront of championing for the liberatio n of the people of Iran. In as much as there may be involvement of Iranian nationals on some terrorist activities, it should be understood that these opinions shared by these individuals do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the entire population of the people in the country. In this same regard, it should be noted that the cooperation of the country itself when it comes to matters to do with negotiation will mean that the neighboring allies of the United States will have peace and tranquility. The United States will also not incur expenses for the purpose of ensuring that the region is stable. These expenses majorly come about as a result of military deployment in the area not forgetting matters to do with humanitarian aid. Works Cited A Single Roll of the Dice Obamas Diplomacy with Iran. Yale UP, 2012. Print. Bahgat, Gawdat. Iran and the United States: Reconcilable Differences? Iranian Studies: 139-54. Print. Parsi, Trita. Treacherous Alliance the Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran, and the United States. New Haven: Yale UP, 2007. Print. Bahgat, Gawdat. Iran And The United States: Reconcilable Differences?. Iranian Studies 41.2 (2008): 139-154. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 Apr. 2015. SASLEY, BRENT E. A Single Roll Of The Dice: Obamas Diplomacy With Iran. Political Science Quarterly (Wiley-Blackwell) 128.1 (2013): 175-176. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 Apr. 2015.

Client And Server Architecture :: Networks Telecommunications

Most organization today are moving to client server architectures. Client server attempt to balance the processing between the client and the server by having both do some of the logic. In these networks, the client is responsible for the presentation logic, while the server is responsible for the data access logic and data storage. The application logic may reside on the client on the client or on the server, or it may be split between both. These are many ways in which the application logic can be partitioned between the client and the server. The type of the client server consists of two-tier, three-tier and multi-tier client server. Two-tier client server is one of the most common. In this case, the server is responsible for the data and the client is responsible for the application and presentation. The two-tier client server is uses only two sets of computers, one client and one server. For example, the database management system (DBMS) runs in the server. A request from the client is sent to the DBMS, which responds by searching the server and sending only the result to the client. If 100 records matched the criteria in our million-record example, only 100 kilobytes of data traverse network rather than one gigabyte. Another type of client server architectures is three-tier client server uses three sets of computers. In this case, the software on the client computer is responsible for presentation logic, an application server is responsible for the application logic, and a separate database server is responsible for the data access logic and data storage. Three-tier client server Beside that, the web really is a client server. Because on the server side, the web uses a multi-tier architecture with interlinked web server, application servers, database servers and caching servers. On the client side, user machines commonly execute scripts embedded in countless web pages. They also execute java applets, java programs and rich client application, all of which means that both client and server cooperate in tandem. Advantages and disadvantages of these method The client server architecture does not propose any new model or architecture, but it simply allows users to get more processing power for developing their business network applications in a cooperative processing environment. It does not define any new infrastructure, but it uses the existing structure and new user interface tools. It integrates these new tools and the concepts of the distributed architecture to define a new computing environment which will enhance productivity at much lower operating costs.

Political Stability Essay

Political instability has become a huge and serious problem for both developing and underdeveloped countries. Pakistan is also in one of these countries which is facing the problem of political instability. The instability of government, inefficiency of political parties and a weak political culture make Pakistan a politically instable state. Political stability is important for keeping the society integrated, maintaining legitimacy, economic development and supremacy of law in a state. In political stable condition people have power they use their powers for the development of nation, and in politically instable condition people feel powerless, lose their trust on government and they prefer their own interest in front of state and then the society leads to split. Political stability is very important for nation-building. There are many countries which have comparatively stable political system such as in China, Egypt and so on. Many underdeveloped nations of Asia and Africa including Pakistan have been confused as how to overcome the problems of national integration, economic development, political participation which have been grown simultaneously in these states. There are five issue areas as described by Lenard Binder, which causes political instability in a state. These areas are: â€Å"Identity crises, legitimacy Crisis, Penetration crisis, Participation crisis and distribution crisis. † These all issues play an effective role in making the politics instable, but we only discussed the first two issues, the identity crisis and legitimacy crisis in Pakistan. Identity crisis creates negative effects on the sentiments of nationalism and the feeling of people towards political system. The dismemberment of East Pakistan and present situation in Sindh and balochistan is occurring due to the identity crisis. Identity crisis mostly occurs in pluralistic societies in the form of ethnic, language and religious differences. Pakistan is also a pluralistic society that’s why politically instability becomes more serious in Pakistan and the role of our leaders becomes more important than any other factor. In Pakistan there is also a problem of dysfunction of federal system. The federal crisis occurs when the pressure of regional demands goes to an extreme and don’t get satisfactory response from the state, and it cause separation from the federation. East Pakistan break-up was also due to this reason. A federation cannot exist or survive without a spirit of partnership and co-operation between the provinces and centre. The problem of identity and legitimacy crisis is closely related to each other. The sense of identity may also be developed by accepting the legitimacy of the authority. The legitimacy crisis regarded with the form of governmental institutions, the break down in the constitutional structure and the authority of leadership. Legitimacy crisis occur when people reject the leaders claimed based on historical preference and the leaders thrown out when they fail to fulfill the promises and then this situation leads to the crisis of authority. The problem of political stability in the context of identity and legitimacy crisis in Pakistan has been sharpened mainly due to the effects of rapid socio-political mobilization and, excessive and un institutionalized role of civil and military bureaucracy, which has unbalanced the entire political order of the country. The leadership in Pakistan is always from top to bottom, and in actual the process of becoming a leader starts from bottom to top, in which the first step is social welfare service then entering in political arena. The leadership in Pakistan is based on family patterns. In Pakistan the family leadership is popular amongst people because of lack of education. The lack of education and decay of leadership are the two most important contributing factors to the political instability in Pakistan. In Pakistan political instability is also due to our weak history of leadership that’s why the theme of a national leadership lost in these various levels of leadership. The other form of leadership exist in Pakistan for a long time is dictatorship and it rule in three decades. Dictatorship also the cause of political instability, it makes the institution of leadership weak. Weak organization of political parties also makes Pakistani politics instable. The present political trend in Pakistan is forming coalition amongst different political parties, which is the reason of current instable conditions. Coalition set up is considered temporary arrangement in political scenario everywhere in the world. Lack of clear majority of anyone political party also shows that people do not trust any of these partners that is why all enjoy less support. The most important and immediate challenge the political instable condition of Pakistan is creating is mishandling of issue of war on terrorism. Since September 2008 USA leading the NATO forces started attacking frontier areas of Pakistan and violated the sovereignty of Pakistan in the name of combating terrorism and chasing the terrorists may be hiding in these areas. These attacks are increasing by the times. Moreover, the indirectly contributing factor towards the worsening political situation is external interference of other powers for their selfish interests. Pakistan is a rich country in terms of important minerals, gas and important coasts the finding of resources and being a gate way towards the hot waters has made Pakistan an attractive country for external powers. The present world is a global world where every field is determined by intense competition: state craft, conduct of diplomacy, effective policy making, and strong economy are the most important challenges every state has to face. Political instability in any state leads to disorder amongst the units. The global world is providing aid and support to Pakistan but in presence of insincere leadership and political instable conditions the huge foreign aid is not giving any positive results. If we consider the case of Pakistan, it seems quite agreeable that adequate economic growth could only be possible if there are stable institutions in the political order. The political stability can be achieved if legitimacy of the institutions and personal legitimacy of the ruler has been solved. Conclusion: The present political instability in Pakistan has increased the external and internal challenges for its society and state. The present and immediate need of the time is a stable political system, since Pakistan has to combat inside terrorism, has to face and convince its own people that this war is necessary, and Pakistan has to satisfy its allies and as well as neighbors and manage the pressure that Pakistan is taking positive steps to counter the situation. The main problem in this whole scenario is lack of trust amongst Pakistan and the allies and neighbors keep exploiting the situation. This situation has endangered the future of Pakistani people who are now considering Pakistan is an insecure place. Without politically stability Pakistan did not become the world best state.

6 Financial Benefits of a College Degree

6 Financial Benefits of a College Degree A college degree takes a lot of hard work - and often costs a lot of money. As a result, you may wonder if going to college is worthwhile, but its an investment that nearly always pays off. Here are some of the many financial benefits often enjoyed by college graduates. 1. Youll Have Higher Lifetime Earnings People with a bachelors degree earn about 66 percent more than their peers with only a high school diploma, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A masters degree can net you twice as much as  someone with a high school education. But you dont have to take on that degree of academic investment to see the benefits: Even those with an associates degree tend to earn 25 percent more than those with high school diplomas. Figures vary by occupation, but your earning potential is highly likely to increase with your level of education. 2. Youre More Likely to Have a Job at All Unemployment rates are lowest among Americans with advanced degrees. Even two years of extra education can make a big difference, as people with associates degrees have a significantly lower unemployment rate than people with high school diplomas. Keep in mind its very important to actually get your degree in order to increase your earning potential and chances of employment because people with some college and no degree dont fare much better than people with just a high school diploma. 3. Youll Have Access to More Resources Going to college means you can take advantage of your schools career center or internship programs, which can help you land your first post-graduate job. 4. Youll Have a Professional Network Before You Start Working Dont underestimate the value of connections. You can leverage the relationships youve made in college and your schools alumni network well after youve graduated, like when youre looking for new job opportunities. Thats decades of value from an investment of just a few years. 5. Youll Experience Indirect Financial Benefits While having a degree wont automatically improve your credit rating, for example, having a good job that you got because of your degree can  indirectly increase your credit score. How? Earning more money means youre more likely to be able to meet your financial obligations, like regular bills and loan payments. That can help you avoid paying bills late or having a debt go to collections, which can hurt your credit. On top of that, increasing your earning potential can also improve your ability to save money, which can help you avoid debt. Of course, earning more money doesnt guarantee youll manage it well, but it can certainly help. 6. Youll Have Access to Jobs With Better Benefits Theres more to any job than just the take-home pay. Better-paying jobs, most of which require a college degree, can also offer better perks, like retirement contribution matching, health insurance, health savings accounts, childcare stipends, tuition reimbursement and commuter benefits.

Case Briefs for Law Students

Case Briefs for Law Students First of all, let’s get some terminology clear: a brief that an attorney writes is not the same as a case brief by a law student. Attorneys write appellate briefs or briefs in support of motions or other court pleadings whereas law students’ case briefs concern one case and summarize everything important you need to know about a case to help them prepare for class. But briefing can be very frustrating as a new law student. Here are some tips for getting the most out of your briefing. Case briefs are tools for you to use to prepare for class. You will typically have hours of reading for a given class and you will need to recall many details about the case at a moments notice in class (especially if you get called on by your professor). Your brief is a tool to help you refresh your recollection about what you read and quickly be able to reference the main points of the case. There are two main types of briefs – a written brief and a book brief. The Written Brief Most law schools recommend that you start with a written brief. These are either typed or handwritten and have some pretty typical headers summarizing the main points of a given case. Here is the commonly accepted framework of a written brief: Facts: This should be a quick list of facts, but make sure to include any legally significant facts.Procedural history: These are notes about the journey the case has taken through the court system.Issue presented: What is the legal issue that the court is discussing? Note, there can be more than one issue.Holding: This is the ruling of the court. If the issue presented is a question for the court to answer, then the holding is the answer to that question.Legal reasoning: This is a quick summary of the thought process used by the court to reach their conclusion.Rule of law: If the court applied any rules of law that are important, you want to write that down too.Concurring or dissenting opinions (if any): If your casebook included a concurring or dissenting opinion in your reading, you will need to read it carefully. It is there for a reason. Sometimes you might find that your professors ask very specific questions about cases that you want to include in your brief. An example of this would be a professor who always asked what the Plaintiff’s arguments were. Make sure you have a section in your brief about Plaintiff’s arguments. (If your professor consistently brings something up, you should also make sure that is included in your class notes.)   A Warning About Written Briefs One word of warning: Students can start to spend too much time working on briefs by writing out too much information. No one is going to read these briefs except you. Remember, they are just notes to solidify your understanding of the case and help you be prepared for class.   The Book Brief Some students prefer book briefing to writing out a full written brief. This approach, made popular by Law School Confidential, involves simply highlighting different parts of the case in different colors, right there in your textbook (hence the name). If it helps, you can also draw a little picture at the top to remind you of the facts (this is a great tip for visual learners). Thus, instead of referencing your written brief during class, you would instead turn to your casebooks and your color-coded highlighting to find what you are looking for. Some students find this to be easier and more effective than written briefs. How do you know it is right for you? Well, you give it a go and see if it helps you navigate the Socratic dialogue in class. If it doesn’t work for you, go back to your written briefs. Try each method out and remember briefs are just a tool for you. Your brief doesn’t need to look like the person’s sitting next to you as long as it keeps you focused and engaged in the class discussion.

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 2

Business Law - Essay Example This paper shall consider different authorities on the subject matter in order to arrive at a scholarly appraisal of the subject matter. According to section 181 of the Corporations Act, â€Å"a director or other officer of a corporation must exercise their power and discharge their duties in good faith in the best interest of the corporation and for a proper use†. Violations of this provision make a director civilly and criminally liable. For directors who act dishonestly and recklessly, criminal liability may be forthcoming (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1997). The directors’ duty is to avoid conflicts of duty and interest and therefore, he must not allow conflicts of interest to compromise his position in the company. Sections 191-195 of the Corporations Act set forth obligations for directors to not allow conflicts of interest to arise from his actions. Based on these provisions, directors are therefore called on to notify the board of directors when there are instances of personal interest which have a bearing on the company activities and affairs (Panoramic Resources, 200 8). Section 195 of the Corporations Law specifies that a director of a public company cannot be present during a voting or board meeting where the members are deliberating an issue where he is an essential person of interest. He may however be present if the other directors pass a resolution allowing him to be present and to vote; and if the ASIC orders a specific order on the issue (Corporations Law, 2001). The responsibilities in the section cover board meetings, and meetings of committees of the board. This is to be applied even if the committee would not have any bearing on the affairs of the company. Committees under advisory capacities are therefore part of the prohibition (Tomasic, et.al., 2002). In evaluating the terms under which

Television talent shows Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Television talent shows - Essay Example Discussion Television shows like X-factor add value to the British music industry Modern artists’ debate on the role of televisions shows like X factor talent television in British music industry. Some argue that such television shows add value to the industry and others oppose the claim and suggest that these shows only damage the face of the music industry in recent and future years, (Davis and Hall, 2008, p.87). These in favor of talent television show assert that television shows such as X factor have enormous advantages to the British music industry. The reality of the shoes provides winners and stats with an opportunity to be plucked from mundane, obscure lives and put them into a cauldron of media, until voted out of the show – by the public – in a dramatic way. The hope of a guaranteed recording prize of contract with marketing advantage is increasingly successful as a motivation to engage willing artists at a reduced cost. For instance, X factor provides successful competitors a critical gate pass into the industry of music and gives them an opportunity for recognition. TV synchronizes acts as a crucial opportunity, for instance, beyond the literal advantage in terms of branding artist opportunities and extra income, in one spin of a prominent show, emerging artists and music that may not have had a greater exposure and popularity is faster thrust on many audience, (Cowlin, 2010, p.52). Similarly, through the talent television shows artists have a chance to gain popularity, attain significant growth, and increase their fan base. For instance, X-factor talent shows has assisted in putting live music forward towards the front of the mass consciousness, through making television content from selection of talents. The show has also provided chances for squeezed record labels to propel losing finalists work to markets with reduced costs and risks. This is because of television shows exposure such artists have received and the fan base c reated. This brings a crucial and incredible growth of British music industry in terms of popularity and artists branding. Experts agree that the X-factor alumni bankability plays a crucial role in the industry’s commercial allure, and various other British music industries have began to realize the importance of enrolling their artists in television shows because talent show mentors and performers may have an extensive effect on music industry sales. Television shows such as X-factor add value or are crucial to British music industry because in a highly fragmented media world, the talent show is among the few mass-market strategies for exposing artists to the wider public. For instance, with the prominent Pops and other public media markets demise, the X-factor remains as the only strategy for pop and rock artists mainstream to expose artists and their music to the mass music markets and other public audience, (Holmes, 200, p.56). Talent television shows have over 15 million viewers at a time and it is crucial for various artists to get on these shows as a way of linking to family viewers that are increasingly crucial to music selling and expansion. X-factor show and other shows serves as ‘water cooler’ framework as featured artist enormously benefit from massive press coverage, therefore, the benefit of series appearance can be an extensive advantage, (Davis and Hall, 2008, p.87). Similarly, the shows engage people with the music and make youths enthusiastic about